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SUSTAINABILITY | ISSUES AND STRATEGIES
The following opportunities for the design team in the adoption
of a green design / specification philosophy ("Green
Guide to Architect's Job Book" RIBA), can be considered
for a project:
1. Passive solutions in preference to mechanical solutions
2. Waste minimisation throughout the procurement and subsequent
lifetime of the building
3. Resource conservation in all its forms
4. Embodied Pollution and toxicity avoidance in all its
forms with respect to personal and global health
5. A preference for local materials, skills with acknowledgment
of local building traditions where appropriate
6. Whole-life costing in preference to simple capital cost
regimes
7. Encouragement of community input to achieve social and
environmental sustainability
8. Maximum use of natural light and air to meet user needs
9. Minimisation of dependence on polluting forms of transport
10. Strategic resource saving measures to meet specific
and identified targets
11. Usability and Manageability as crucial long-term design
aspects and their role on facilitating this
12. Benchmarking and feedback
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The Problem With Buildings
Buildings Use…
40 percent of raw stone, gravel and sand; comparable share of other processed materials such as steel, adding to
landscape destruction,
toxic runoff from mines and tailings,
deforestation,
air and water pollution from processing
25% of virgin wood is used for construction, adding to
deforestation,
flooding, siltation,
biological and cultural diversity losses
40% of total energy use, adding to
local air pollution,
acid rain,
damming of rivers,
nuclear waste,
risk of global warming
16 percent of total water withdrawals, adding to
Water pollution; competes with agriculture and ecosystems for water
Comparable in industrial countries to municipal solid waste generation, adding to
landfill problems, such as leaching of heavy metals and water pollution
Poor air quality in 30 percent of new and renovated buildings, adding to
higher incidence of sickness—lost productivity in tens of billions annually
Source: World Watch Institute
With over $175 billion in new commercial construction annually, the environmental burden imposed by the construction and operation of buildings will continue to rise.
Therefore, a new model for design that takes into account environmental impact over the life of the building is necessary. Sustainable design evaluates every design decision in order to evaluate potential impact on the environment, occupant health and comfort, and the bottom line.
Fortunately, many of the concepts and technologies that may be employed to reduce environmental impact in construction and operation can be implemented at no extra cost. Life-cycle cost accounting, which looks at long-term cost and return on investment, as well as environmental costs, makes some design options look more attractive once they are evaluated on other than just first cost.
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SUSTAINABILITY | Site
Issues
Climatic Issues: Wind,
Solar, Humidity, Temperature
Physical Issues: Topography,
Water, Trees
Ecological Issues: Biodiversity,
Natural Habitats
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Masterplannning
Key Issues: Integrated strategy, bringing together
an implementable holistic plan including: Sustainable BuildinG
Technology; Renewables; Energy; Water Conservation; Integrated
Waste Minimisation & recycling; Employment; Business Support;
Transportation; Infrastructure; Telematics; Information Technology;
High Environmnetal Quality; Remediation; Financial Control.
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Site Layout and Planning
Key Issues: Microclimate, Orientation,
Massing, Public and Private, Land
Use, Water and Waste, Green Space, Solar Zoning, Wind design
Other Issues: Views, Privacy, Security,
Access, Enclosure
Energy Issues: Heating, Cooling,
Ventilation, Daylight
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SUSTAINABILITY | Building Form
Key Issues: orientation,
surface to volume ratio, passive solar, solar gain, exposed
surfaces, envelope insulation, ventilation and infiltration,
lobbies, entrances, 'buffer spaces' , atria and courtyards,
thermal mass, space planning, integration of structures
and services, lightweight structures; passive environmental
design, air flow, water features
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Building Envelope
Key Elements:
Solid / Opaque; Translucent; Transparent; Energy Production.
Key Functions:
Ventilation; Thermal Functions; Acoustic; Energy Production.
Key Strategies:
Response to orientation. Insulation; Air tightness; Dynamic
Insulation
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Building Services, Equipment, Controls constructions
Key Issues: Time / Cost / Quality;
Heating; Cooling; Natural Cooling; Artificial Cooling; Ventilation;
Natural and Artificial Lighting; Thermal and Cooling Zones;
Shading; Solar Hot Water/Air
Key Systems: Control systems;
Monitoring systems.
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Industrialised and Modular construction
Key Issues: Cost Effective;
Construction Time; Environmentally sensitive; Design Flexibility;
Adaptability; Pre-commissioned; Health and Safety; Employment
Opportunities; Superior Quality; |
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SUSTAINABILITY | Landscape
and Ecology
Key Issues:
Integrated Landscape Strategy; Landscape Amenities; Biodiversity;
Ecological Links |
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Water Management
Key Issues: Integrated water management;
Surface water issues; Water
infrastructure strategies; Greywater Systems; Blackwater Systems;
Reedbed
Systems
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SUSTAINABILITY | Materials
Key Issues: Environmentally friendly
sourced; Certified Procurement; Percentage of Re-Used Materials;
Whole Life Cycle Analysis; Pollutant free; Dust minimisation;
Waste minimisation
Lightweoght Materials:
ETFE (EthylTetraFlouroEthylene), Cardboard, Polymer Composites
etc.
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Intelligent Systems
Key Issues: Control Systems; Monitoring
Systems; Security Systems; Health Systems; Integrated Building
Management Systems
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SUSTAINABILITY
| Reuse, Recycle, Regenerate, Redo
Reuse:
Inherently designed material / product / building that has
a multi use ability.
Recycle: Inherently
designed material / product / building able to be dismantled
and component parts either recycled or reused
Regenerate:
Issue of restoring the degradation of the Earth and its resources.
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| SUSTAINABILITY
| Efficient Processes
Learning from other industries:
Learning from streamlining manufacturing processes from
the automotive, petrochemical, aerospace and shipbuilding
industries
"Interoperability"
communication strategies: defined
as "the ability to communicate a construction project
via an intelligent,l 3D building model" in order to
efficiently streamline the transfer of information between
consultants, contractors, manufacturers and suppliers.
Rapid Prototyping Techniques:
By using efficient methods of
testing component design and producing competitive methods
of production, using CAD / CAM methods. Various opportunities
include: Rapid Prototyping (RP), Stereolithography (SLA),
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacture
(LOM); Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM); Multi-Jet Modelling
(MJM); 3 Dimensional Printing (3DP),Freeform Construction
(FC)
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